Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of lithium titanate batteries and lithium iron phosphate battery packs. Which is better, lithium titanate battery or lithium iron phosphate battery? Lithium titanate battery is a kind of anode material used as lithium ion battery-lithium titanate, which can be combined with lithium manganate, ternary material or lithium iron phosphate and other cathode materials to form 2.4V Or 1.9V lithium ion secondary battery. Compared with the more common lithium cobalt oxide batteries currently on the market, the lithium iron phosphate battery pack has higher safety, longer service life, does not contain any heavy metals, supports fast charging, and has a wide operating temperature range. The following editor will analyze these two kinds of lithium batteries in detail.
Lithium titanate battery:
Lithium titanate battery is a lithium titanate used as a negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries. It can be combined with lithium manganate, ternary materials or lithium iron phosphate to form a 2.4V or 1.9V lithium ion secondary battery. In addition, it can also be used as a positive electrode to form a 1.5V lithium secondary battery with metallic lithium or lithium alloy negative electrode. The lithium titanate battery has a working voltage of 2.4V, a maximum voltage of 3.0V, and a charging current greater than 2C.
Lithium titanate material will become the negative electrode material of a new generation of lithium-ion batteries in 2-3 years and will be widely used in new energy vehicles, electric motorcycles and applications requiring high safety, high stability and long-term cycles.
Advantages of lithium titanate battery:
Lithium titanate battery has the advantages of small size, light weight, high energy density, good sealing performance, no leakage, no memory effect, low self-discharge rate, rapid charge and discharge, long cycle life, wide working environment temperature range, safety, stability, and environmental protection And other characteristics, so it has a very broad application prospect in the field of communication power supply.
1. Good safety and stability
Once the traditional carbon electrode is overcharged after lithium insertion, metallic lithium is easily precipitated on the surface of the electrode, which reacts in contact with the electrolyte and generates flammable gas, which brings safety hazards. The potential of lithium titanate is higher than that of pure metal lithium, and it is not easy to produce lithium crystal branches, and the discharge voltage is stable, and therefore, the safety performance of the lithium battery is improved.
2. Fast charging performance
Compared with carbon anode materials, lithium titanate battery packs have a higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient and can be charged and discharged at a high rate.
3. Long cycle life
Compared with the current lithium iron phosphate battery pack with "slow charge for up to 5 years and fast charge for up to 2 years", the advantages of lithium titanate batteries are very prominent.
4. Good performance in wide temperature resistance
The spinel structure of the lithium titanate battery has a three-dimensional lithium ion diffusion channel, so the performance of the lithium titanate battery in the high and low temperature performance is also very good. The lithium titanate battery has good wide temperature resistance and strong durability. It can be charged and discharged normally at 60°C above zero.
Disadvantages of lithium titanate battery:
1. Compared with other types of lithium-ion power batteries, the energy density will be lower.
2. The problem of flatulence has been hindering the application of lithium titanate batteries.
3. Compared with other types of lithium-ion power batteries, the price is relatively high.
4. There are still differences in battery consistency, and the difference in battery consistency will gradually increase as the number of charge and discharge increases.
Lithium iron phosphate battery:
Lithium iron phosphate battery refers to a lithium ion battery that uses lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode material. Its characteristics are that it does not contain precious elements such as cobalt, the price of raw materials is low, and the content of phosphorus and iron are abundant in the earth, so there will be no supply problems. Its working voltage is moderate (3.2V), large capacity per unit weight, high discharge power, fast charging and long cycle life, and high stability under high temperature and high heat environment.
Advantages of lithium iron phosphate battery pack:
Lithium iron phosphate battery packs have at least the following five major advantages: higher safety, longer service life, no heavy metals and rare metals (low raw material costs), support for fast charging, and wide operating temperature range.
▇Energy density: Under the same volume, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries is 3 to 4 times that of lead-acid batteries, 2.5 times that of nickel-cadmium batteries, and 1.8 times that of nickel-hydrogen batteries, with smaller volume and lighter weight.
▇Long life: Lithium iron phosphate battery, 1C charge and discharge at room temperature, the capacity of the monomer is still greater than 80% after 3000 cycles, and the 3C cycle life reaches more than 1000 times and the service life is longer.
▇Excellent high-temperature performance: The thermal peak of lithium iron phosphate battery can reach 350~500℃, the working temperature range is wide (-20~+75℃), and it can still discharge 100% capacity under high temperature (60℃).
▇High rate discharge: under 5C discharge rate, the discharge rate can still reach 90%.
▇Fast charging: high current 2C can be charged and discharged quickly, and the battery can be fully charged within 40 minutes under 1.5C charging with a special charger, and the starting current can reach 2C.
▇Safety: The lithium iron phosphate battery pack has passed strict safety tests and will not explode even in severe collisions.
▇Environmental protection: Lithium iron phosphate material does not contain any heavy metals and rare metals, is non-toxic, has no pollution in production and use, meets European RoHS regulations, and is a green battery.
▇No memory effect: Lithium iron phosphate battery does not have this phenomenon. No matter what state the battery is in, it can be used as soon as it is charged, and it does not need to be fully recharged first.
Disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate battery:
Lithium iron phosphate batteries have some performance defects, such as low tap density and compaction density, resulting in lower energy density of lithium ion batteries; material preparation costs and battery manufacturing costs are higher, and battery yields are low, consistent Poor sex; poor product consistency; intellectual property issues.
Analysis and comparison of lithium titanate battery and lithium iron phosphate battery:
The most popular domestic automobile manufacturers are ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. Lithium titanate has not yet been scaled up. In addition, the price of lithium titanate batteries is high (high production costs and high humidity control requirements), about 9 yuan per watt-hour, and the gap between lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries is about 2 yuan per watt-hour.
Lithium titanate battery breaks the traditional battery technology route that uses graphene as the negative electrode and changes to lithium titanate as the negative electrode material, which makes it a different kind in the eyes of peers. But it is the characteristics of lithium titanate that make the battery of this material have outstanding characteristics.
Taking lithium iron phosphate-graphene and ternary-lithium titanate as examples, lithium titanate batteries are at a disadvantage in terms of energy density alone. The Northeast Securities Research Report pointed out that the current specific energy of lithium iron phosphate battery packs is 100-120Wh/kg, among which the nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary battery used by Tesla reaches 252Wh/kg, while the Yinlong lithium titanate battery is only 90Wh. /kg, only half of some graphite anode material batteries.
From the perspective of cost, the lithium titanate battery has no advantage. Currently, Yinlong lithium titanate battery raw materials include titanium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, and their prices are higher than graphite anode materials. According to the survey results of China Battery Network, the current cost of lithium iron phosphate and ternary batteries is 1100 yuan/kwh-1200 yuan/kwh, while the cost of lithium titanate batteries is about 2-3 times that of ternary batteries.
The above is the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of lithium titanate batteries and lithium iron phosphate battery packs. Do you understand? Lithium titanate batteries use lithium titanate as the negative electrode. Compared with mainstream lithium batteries that use graphite for the negative electrode, the market share is very small. Lithium iron phosphate battery pack is the mainstream of the market.
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